Aphids are an economically important insect group due to their role as plant disease vectors. Mf gene cdna orf clone, acyrthosiphon pisumpea aphid. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum the international aphid genomics consortium abstract aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insectplant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Rispe2010comparative analysis of the acyrthosiphon pisum genome and estbased gene sets from other aphid species. Gs2 gene cdna orf clone, acyrthosiphon pisumpea aphid. T1 genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Mutations in maternally transmitted symbionts can affect host fitness. An example is the genome of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum for which the current assembly is composed of thousands of short scaffolds, many of which are known to be misassembled. The rice genome contains 39% tes, but mites consititute 5. The apv genome is 10,016 nucleotides in length, excluding the 3. The fate of sucrose, the major nutrient of an aphids natural food, was explored by radiolabeling in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Lengths of body, antenna and cauda are provided for a sample of each instar. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum exhibits various morphs with or without wings associated with their complex life cycle including wing polyphenism in viviparous females, genetic wing polymorphism in males, and a monomorphic wingless phenotype in oviparous.
The nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of acyrthosiphon pisum virus was determined. In order to synchronise injected l3, l1 produced by parthenogenetic adult females were collected every 24 h and placed on new plants. The following gs2 gene cdna orf clone sequences were retrieved from the ncbi reference sequence database refseq. We present here a collection of 40,904 highquality annotated expressed sequence tags ests generated from different organs of the. The refseq genome records for acyrthosiphon pisum were annotated by the ncbi. Parasitoid wasp aphidius ervi parasitizing the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum adam martinez.
Aphids display an abundance of adaptations that are not easily studied in existing model systems. An example is the genome of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum for. Here we present the 464 mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. It has a moderate host range, feeding on many species of among plant families including over 200 species of fabaceae.
In the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, an insect that destroys plants by feeding on the sap, red and green. Acyrthosiphon pisum virus particles are icosahedral and 31 nm in diameter. National centre for growth and development, department of biochemistry, university of otago. It is also apparent that some genomes contain abundant mite families, although complete genome sequences are available, e. Consortium and earned an authorship on the genome paper of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum is the first whole genome sequenced insect with a hemimetabolic development and an emerging model organism for studies in ecology, evolution and development. Wikiproject insects rated cclass, lowimportance this article is within the scope of wikiproject insects, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of insects on wikipedia. Aphids contain intracellular bacterial symbionts, buchnera, in their bacteriocytes.
Despite its importance as a crop pest, there is little understanding of the genetic structure of its populations or the extent of genetic divergence associated with different host plant utilization. These sequences represent the protein coding region of the gs2 cdna orf which is encoded by the open reading frame orf sequence. Acyrthosiphon pisum an overview sciencedirect topics. The acyrthosiphon pisum data and its display on ensembl genomes are made possible through a joint effort by the ensembl genomes group and aphidbase. The genome of the hemimetabolous pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, may thus provide novel insight into immunity and defense in more basal, nonholometabolous insects, which have incomplete metamorphisis. Pdf genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Hamiltonella defensa, genome evolution of protective bacterial endosymbiont from pathogenic ancestors. Herbivores can ingest and store plantsynthesized toxic compounds in their bodies and sequester those compounds for their own benefits. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum by.
The virus was isolated from acyrthosiphon pisum hemiptera. Hence, animal body color is an ecologically important trait, often involved in preypredator interactions through mimicry, aposematism colors that warn, and crypsis camouflage. Aphidbase is a reference information system providing genomic resources for the study of aphids. The international aphid genomics consortium iagc steering committee in. Proposal to sequence the genome of the pea aphid national. Two developmental switch points for the wing polymorphisms. Largescale gene discovery in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon. It then becomes possible to directly sequence the mutated genomes and. Aphididae but is able to infect many other aphid species. It hosts several reference aphid genomes, including the first aphid genome that was sequenced. The soybean aphid aphis glycines matsumura was the third aphid species to have its genome sequenced and the first to use longread sequence data.
The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum has been selected by the aphidologist community to be the reference aphid species to develop genomic resources brisson and stern 2006. In many insect taxa, wing polymorphism is known to be a consequence of tradeoffs between flight and other lifehistory traits. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome encodes two. Evolution, structure, and function of phenoloxidase in the. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Despite this economic impact, genomic resources have only been generated for a small number of aphid species. Evolution of developmental control mechanisms the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome encodes two divergent early developmental programs elizabeth j. Ollivier m, legeai f, rispe c 2010 comparative analysis of the acyrthosiphon pisum genome and estbased gene sets from other aphid species.
Evolution, structure, and function of phenoloxidase in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school. N1 v v solovyev is part of the publishing consortium. Low genetic diversity among pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. It feeds on several species of legumes plant family fabaceae worldwide, including forage crops, such as pea, clover, alfalfa, and broad bean, and ranks among the aphid species of major agronomical importance. Ems mutagenesis in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum g3. Here we present the genome sequence of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum. Improved genome assembly and annotation of the soybean.
This aphid, which is widely used in laboratory studies, attacks legume crops fabaceae and is closely related to important crop pests, including the green peach aphid myzus persicae and the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia 7. Aphid genome project bcmhgsc baylor college of medicine. The heatsensitive allele arises through a single base deletion in a homopolymer within the promoter of ibpa, which encodes a universal small. This aphid is globally distributed throughout all temperate regions of the world. Pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum sequesters plantderived. Wystepowanie mszycy grochowej acyrthosiphon pisum harris i zwiazanych z nia parazytoidow na soczewicy lens esculata much.
Second, aphids are unique amongst the arthropods sequenced to date in that they are intimately dependent on both obligate and facultative. Investigations into sensory ecology and gene evolution of. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The virus capsid is composed of a major protein of 34 kda and three minor proteins of 23, 24 and 66 kda. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum has been selected by the aphidologist. Here we show that the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum genome possesses homologs to all the dna methyltransferases found in vertebrates, and that 0. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the. Whereas buchnera are phylogenetically close to escherichia coli, their genome size has been reduced to 17 of that of e. This aphid, which is widely used in laboratory studies, attacks legume crops fabaceae and is closely related to important crop pests, including the green peach aphid myzus persicae and the russian wheat aphid diuraphis noxia. Acyrthosiphon pisum is a cosmopolitan aphid species that attacks mainly fabaceae. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects.
Genetic diversity in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum was investigated by a restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp analysis of. First, we examined the influence of aphid honeydew, a preyassociated cue, on the. Molecular evidence against phylogenetically distinct host races of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. Immunity and other defenses in pea aphids, acyrthosiphon pisum. Acyrthosiphon pisum ensembl genomes 46 ensembl metazoa. The genome and its analysis was published in the february issue of plos biology genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum by the. The genome of the pea aphid shows remarkable levels of gene duplication and equally remarkable gene absences that shed light on aspects. The refseq genome records for acyrthosiphon pisum were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. Mitochondrial dna diversity in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon. Dynamics of a recurrent buchnera mutation that affects. Fate of dietary sucrose and neosynthesis of amino acids in the pea. Genetic mapping of aphicarus a sexlinked locus controlling a. Acyrthosiphon pisum, commonly known as the pea aphid and colloquially known as the green dolphin, pea louse, and clover louse, is a sapsucking insect in the family aphididae. The pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum has been established in north america for at least a century and occurs on a broad range of host plants.
The following mf gene cdna orf clone sequences were retrieved from the ncbi reference sequence database refseq. Identified methylation sites are predominantly restricted to the coding sequence of genes at cpg sites. The genetic basis of color polymorphism is explored in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum harris homoptera. Sternorrhyncha, in which two color morphs have been described pink or green. Many animals recognize and respond to the environment, foods, and enemies by making use of visual cues. The occurrence of pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum harris and its parasitoids on lens lens esculata much. The source data for this genome and other resources can be accessed via the aphidbase download pages. These sequences represent the protein coding region of the mf cdna orf which is encoded by the open reading frame orf sequence. Buchnera are exceptional bacteria in that they possess many, usually more than 100, genomic copies per cell. We provide a dichotomous key, with photographs and illustrations, for distinguishing between instars of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum in the developmental pathway leading to the apterous parthenogenetic adult.
In this study we investigate a mutation in an obligate bacterial symbiont buchnera, which has dramatic effects on the heat tolerance of pea aphid hosts acyrthosiphon pisum. Gene knockdown by rnai in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate alignment. Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insectplant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Aphidius ervi parasitizing the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum no. Proposal to sequence the genome of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. The international aphid genomics consortium has selected the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum as the model aphid species it has a genome of four holocentric chromosomes and approximately 525 mb, and its genome sequencing project has recently been funded. Functional validation of the annotated genes of the pea. The buchnera genome retains genes necessary for biosynthesis of. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum the international aphid genomics consortium abstract aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insectplant interactions, symbiosis, virus. Gene family evolution in the pea aphid based on chromosome. Genome sequence of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum plos. Laboratory crosses and a mendelian genetic analysis reveal that color polymorphism in pea aphids is determined by a single biallelic locus, which we name colorama, with.